SURPASS trials 1 to 5
2021–22Result
HbA1c down 1.9 to 2.6 points
- Who
- 6,263 adults with type 2 diabetes, over 40 to 52 weeks
- Where
- Global, five large trials
- Medicine
- Tirzepatide
The medicine mimics a natural gut hormone that keeps your appetite and blood sugar in check.
Brain
It signals your brain that you've eaten, so you feel full sooner, stay full longer and crave less.
Stomach
It slows how fast food leaves your stomach, so glucose reaches your blood gradually and post-meal spikes stay smaller.
Pancreas
It triggers insulin only when your blood sugar rises, and lowers glucagon, the hormone that pushes sugar up.
Liver
It cuts the extra sugar your liver releases between meals, and helps it store less fat.
TESTED GLOBALLY
Studies conducted among people with type 2 diabetes across the world.
Tested in Indian patients
Two major trials, SURMOUNT-2 and SURPASS-AP-Combo, ran at Indian hospitals, with outcomes in line with the global data.
The evidence
Diabetes guidelines rank GLP-1 medicines highest for lowering sugar.
SURPASS trials 1 to 5
2021–22Result
HbA1c down 1.9 to 2.6 points
SURPASS-AP-Combo
Nature Medicine 2023Result
HbA1c down 2.2 to 2.5 points, vs 0.95 on insulin
Things to keep in mind
These are study averages. Your results depend on your health, dose and habits, and your doctor will guide you on a realistic outcome for you. Side effects are usually mild, stomach-related and short-lived.
Figures are averages from published clinical studies of semaglutide and tirzepatide. Individual results vary. For informational purposes only. Not a substitute for medical advice. GLP-1 medicines require a doctor's prescription and aren't suitable for everyone. Sources 1) Garvey WT et al. Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (SURMOUNT-2). The Lancet, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01200-X 2) Gao L et al. Tirzepatide versus insulin glargine as second-line or third-line therapy in type 2 diabetes in the Asia-Pacific region (SURPASS-AP-Combo). Nature Medicine, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02344-1 3) Lingvay I et al. Systolic blood pressure reduction with tirzepatide in patients with type 2 diabetes: insights from SURPASS clinical program. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-023-01797-5 Lachhwani H et al. Real-world evidence of tirzepatide in Indian adults with type 2 diabetes. Cureus, 2026. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.102866 4) Sanyal AJ et al. Phase 3 trial of semaglutide in metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (ESSENCE). New England Journal of Medicine, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2413258 5) Marso SP et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN-6). New England Journal of Medicine, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1607141 6) Perkovic V et al. Effects of semaglutide on chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (FLOW). New England Journal of Medicine, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2403347
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